The Tuareg people, numbering over 4 million, predominately inhabit the highlighted regions of 5 countries spanning both Western & Northern Africa:
Libya
Algeria
Mali
Niger
Burkina Faso
Smaller isolated communities of Tuaregs can also be found in Tunisia, Nigeria, Chad, and Sudan
The Tuareg people are divided into various "confederacies" that typically include the former royal clan, their former vassals, and their subjects. Most sultanates were permanently subdued during the French era of colonization & incorporated into the now various modern nation states. Today, the royal families of the various former sultanates largely enjoy ceremonial titles, notable wealth, & respect from the locals!
Kel Ahaggar
Kel Ajjer
Kel Aïr
Kel Adagh
Some of the most famous Tuareg cities & towns have been inhabited by the Tuareg people for centuries, and some, for thousands of years. The famous city of Agadez was once home to one of the continent's richest empires which dominated the salt & gold trade!
Tamanrasset / ⵜⵎⵏⵗⵙⵜ , Algeria
Home to 100,000+ people and located in the deep south of Algeria, Tamanrasset is an increasingly popular tourist destination
Agadez / ⴰⴶⴰⴷⴰⵣ , Niger
Agadez was once one of the worlds wealthiest cities. Merchants & travelers wrote vast tales of the wealth & splendor of the Tuareg Amenokals (Kings/Sultans)
Ghat / ⵗⵜ , Libya
Ghat is one of the oldest cities in Libya with a recorded history going back to the 5th century BC. Since the 2011 civil war, Ghat has been under the direct control of Tuareg ímɣads (warriors/militias). Today, it is largely loyal to the GNA (Government of National Accord)
Kidal / ⴾⴸⵍ , Azawad
Kidal, an ancient city of 25,000+ people known for its famous mudbrick mosque and ethnic diversity has suffered the brunt of the Azawad conflict since 2011.